Practice research involves which of the following?

• A. Translational research
• B. Evidence-based medicine
• C. Practice-based research
• D. All of the above

Answer: (C)

Practice research is about studying questions that arise directly in everyday patient care and testing improvements within the actual care setting. It involves clinicians and patients collaborating in real-world environments to generate evidence that can be immediately applied to enhance care, improve workflows, and implement better guidelines. This is the essence of practice-based research: it aims to improve practice by asking practical questions and collecting data in the setting where care is delivered.

Translational research, while related, focuses on moving findings from basic science toward clinical application, which is a broader pathway than what happens inside daily practice. Evidence-based medicine is a guiding principle that emphasizes using the best available evidence to inform decisions, but it is not a type of research conducted within practice settings itself. Therefore, the option that best fits practice research is practice-based research.