What kind of oversight is provided by regulatory authorities?

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Regulatory oversight is the authority that sets the rules for how human research is planned, conducted, and brought into use, and then enforces those rules. They review and approve trial protocols before a study can start, monitor ongoing conduct to ensure safety and scientific integrity, and license products only after evaluating the full data. This ensures participant protection and trustworthy results. Activities like recruiting patients, ongoing follow-up, and drafting consent forms are handled by sponsors, investigators, trial sites, and ethics committees, rather than by the regulatory authorities themselves. So the essential function is enforcing compliance, approving trials, and licensing products.